INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF LABORATORY CONTROL OF MYCOTOXINS IN SOYBEAN AS AN ELEMENT OF GUARANTEEING EXPORT SAFETY

Abstract

Subject. Mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products is one of the key risk factors for food safety, consumer health, and the stability of international trade. Even trace concentrations of mycotoxins can lead to economic losses, reduced product competitiveness, and limitations on export potential. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated laboratory control system for mycotoxins in soybeans intended for export and its compliance with EU safety requirements. Methods. The study employed an integrated set of methods, including QuEChERS sample preparation with dispersive micro-SPE and AFLAOCHRAPREP immunoaffinity purification, biomarker screening for ergosterol content by ELISA, as well as quantitative determination of AFB1, DON, ZEA, and T-2 toxin by HPLC-UV. Results. Significant variability in fungal contamination levels was observed based on ergosterol levels. The lowest values corresponded to low levels of fungal contamination, while moderate contamination levels were detected in some samples, indicating a potential risk of mycotoxin accumulation. Trace concentrations of AFB1, DON, ZEA, and T-2 toxin were detected in 66.7% of the samples tested, none of which exceeded EU regulatory limits. A correlation was established between elevated ergosterol content and the presence of mycotoxins, confirming the feasibility of using biomarker analysis as an effective screening tool. The results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of an integrated approach to mycotoxin control in soybeans, which combines screening and confirmatory analysis stages. The proposed system ensures high analytical sensitivity, reliable results, cost-effectiveness, and compliance with international safety requirements. Scope of results. The research results can be used in the practice of public and private laboratories, export control systems, and food safety monitoring of raw materials.