USE OF FLOUR MILLING WASTE FOR ETHYL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2025-24-17Keywords:
grain waste, ethyl alcohol, starch, lignin, enzymatic hydrolysis, organosolvent delignification, fermentationAbstract
Subject. Production of ethyl alcohol from grain waste of flour milling enterprises. In the European market, demand is growing for second-generation bioethanol, which is made from inedible raw materials – for example, straw or wood waste. In contrast, in Ukraine, first-generation bioethanol is currently mainly produced from food raw materials. Most agricultural waste contains more than 50% of fermentable sugars, the polysaccharide cellulose (23–50%), hemicellulose (12–29%) and the aromatic polymer lignin (13–31%). Purpose. To determine the effect of the delignification process and enzymatic hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides of grain waste on the yield of ethyl alcohol. Methods. The work used research methods generally accepted in the alcohol industry. To determine the conditional starchiness of grain waste, a polarimetric method was used, the starch content was determined by a biological method using a fermentation sample. Lignin content – by direct method by hydrolysis with a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 72% sulfuric acid. The amount of polysaccharides that are easily and difficultly hydrolyzed was determined by the Maken-Schorl method. The alcohol content in fermented distillates was determined areometrically, the mass concentration of unfermented carbohydrates – colorimetrically with anthrone reagent. Results. Among the raw materials we studied, buckwheat grain waste had the highest starch content up to 50%, other raw materials had approximately the same starch content (24–28%). Corn waste and wheat bran contained the largest amount of non-starch polysaccharides, in particular cellulose, which can be hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars. Hydrolysis with cellulolytic enzymes is effective for raw materials with a high content of non-starch polysaccharides, namely wheat bran and corn waste, the alcohol yield increases by 3.1–4 dal from 1 t of raw materials. Organosolvent delignification destroys lignin bonds and makes biomass more accessible to the action of enzymes, as evidenced by an increase in the yield of alcohol from 1 t of raw materials by 4.3 dal. Scope of rresults. The results of the research will be used to develop an effective scheme for the production of ethyl alcohol from grain waste of flour milling enterprises.
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