STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRUSION PROCESSING ON THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF DRY AND LIQUID FEED MIXTURES

Abstract

Subject. A solution to the issue of intensification of the process of extraction of biologically active substances (BAR) from mixtures of whole and ground seed raw materials is presented using the example of flax seeds and extrudate from soybeans. The analysis of modern promising methods of BAR extraction from plant raw materials, advantages and disadvantages of apparatus for the implementation of methods of influence on raw materials was performed. In order to optimize the extraction process, it is proposed to carry out experimental studies in pulsating dispersers of the impact and cavitation type, developed at the ITTF of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in which the method of discrete-pulse energy input (DPEI) is implemented. The purpose of the work is to study the regularities of the influence of DPEI mechanisms on the physicochemical, structural and mechanical properties of the seeds of oil and leguminous crops during processing in pulsation apparatus. Methods. In the course of experimental research, the physicochemical properties of the obtained extracts from grain crops were determined: the content of dry substances, and the amount of protein. The rheological properties of the obtained mixtures were experimentally investigated on a rotary viscometer. The microstructure of the samples to be processed in the apparatus and the samples obtained during the processing with periodic sampling was studied under a light microscope. The results. As a result of experimental studies, it was established that the cavitation mechanism is the most energy-efficient and rational way of influencing the processing of oil and leguminous seeds. For whole and ground flax seeds, soybean extrudate, the indicators of the amount of dry substances released after extraction in a cavitation-type disperser are higher than in an impact-type disperser by 2 %; 7,5 %; 5,8 %. in accordance. The yield of protein from whole and ground flaxseed after treatment in a cavitation disperser is also higher by about 2 % and depends on the duration of treatment, which is a maximum of 10 min. It was established that the obtained liquid mixtures of whole and ground flax seeds have characteristic properties of a pseudoplastic liquid. For all the mixtures investigated in the work, the non-Newtonian character of the viscosity is more clearly manifested with an increase in the duration of processing. Scope of results. The results of the conducted research can be used in the technology of processing the seeds of legumes and oil crops with maximum preservation of thermolabile bioactive components is required.