USE OF IMMOBILIZED MICROORGANISMS IN FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2020-15-10Keywords:
immobilization, molasses mash, yeast, sugar sorghum stems, dilution rate of the medium, sugars assimilation, ethanolAbstract
The biotechnological production cost, in particular ethanol, depends on such factors as the product yield per unit of raw material and energy consumption. Increasing the physiological activity of ethanol yeast-producers by immobilization helps to optimize these factors. Immobilization of cells is the process of fixing cells on a solid medium in order to increase the efficiency of their use. The purpose of the work is to reasoning the fermentation process of sugar-containing raw materials in bioethanol by enzyme systems of immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with repeated use of yeast biomass. Screening of medium for yeast cell immobilization showed the degree of cell immobilization at 89.7%, 71.4% and 78.7% for polyvinyl alcohol nozzle, delignified cellulose of sorghum and sorghum stem particles, respectively. Considering medium cost and ease of use the most promising medium for the immobilization of yeast cells is determined by the sugar sorghum stems particles. The highest percentage of adsorbed cells on the carrier was when using yeast grown on molasses mash with concentration of 12% dry matter. Studies of the efficiency of sugars assimilation by immobilized yeast depending on the dilution rate of the medium showed that at low values of the rate sugars assimilation is 73%, but the yield of ethyl alcohol decreases and is 96-98%. With the increase in the amount of sugars in the environment and the reduction of its residence time in the reactor, the level of assimilation of sugars by yeast cells decreases and at a rate of 0.19 is only 46% of the introduced sugar. Provided the dilution rate of the medium at the level of 0.1 - 0.13, a system state is achieved, in which there is no excessive cells removal from the medium, while the efficiency of sugars fermentation into ethanol is optimal. Оn account of immobilization yeast cells on a solid medium, their growth decreases compared to free cells, and the rate of consumption of fermented sugars increases. This increases the yield of alcohol by reducing the cost of sugars for biomass synthesis.
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